ABSTRACT
Background. While point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has been used to track disease resolution, temporal trends in lung ultrasound (LUS) findings among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is not well-characterized. Methods. We studied 413 LUS scans in 244 participants >= 18 years of age hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia within 28 days of symptom onset from April, 2020 until September, 2021 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore Maryland. All patients were scanned using a 12-lung zone protocol and repeat scans were obtained in 3 days (N=114), 7 days (N=53), and weekly (N=9) from the initial scan. Participants were followed to determine clinical outcomes until hospital discharge and vital status at 28-days. Ultrasounds were independently reviewed for lung artifacts, and the composite mean LUS score (ranging from 0 to 3) across lung zones was determined. Trends of mean LUS scores and%lung fields with A-lines (indicating proportion of normal lung fields) were plotted by peak severity (mild, moderate, and severe defined by the World Health Organization Ordinal Scale) over time from symptom onset. Differences in mean LUS score or % A-lines changes over time between peak severity levels were evaluated using a Kruskal-Wallis test and linear mixed-effected models with an exchangeable correlation structure. Results. Among 244 patients in our cohort (mean age of 58.2 (SD 15.0) years, and 55.7% female) (Table 1), there was no change in average mean LUS scores between the first two visits by severity groups (Figure 1;Kruskal-Wallis p=0.63). Mean LUS scores were elevated by 0.22 (p< 0.001) in a dose-response manner regardless of duration of illness, but there was no change over time associated with peak severity (p=0.73). Similarly, percentage of A-lines were in 13.9% less lung fields for each increase in peak severity (p< 0.001;Figure 2) regardless of duration of illness. However, a change in mean LUS score did not differ significantly among peak severity levels (p=0.36). Conclusion. Mean LUS scores correlated with clinical severity among hospitalized adults when assessed cross-sectionally, however mean LUS score did not change or differ between peak severity levels over the time course of hospitalization. These results do not support serial LUS scans to monitor disease progression.
ABSTRACT
Children's safety during daily transportation to and from the school is of supreme importance during and after this pandemic. Nowadays, school conveyance makes use of biometric-based access control, which may aggravate the spread of Covid-19. A complete security system that informs the parents and teachers about the kid's school bus boarding and gets off details can enhance the safety of our kids during their school conveyance. This project demonstrates an IOT based RFID card reader system to give detailed information about the boarding and get off each student to the class teacher and their parents. Each student is allocated a separate RFID card. Once the student enters her conveyance reader range, the authorized student is allowed to occupy her seat. Student's entry and exit details are updated on the school server and messaged to the parents. A software counter with LCD inform the bus driver about the number of kids on the bus and thus solves the problem of leaving the students inside the school bus unknowingly. © 2021 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
This is the first time;the entire world is under lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. During these time, the people are afraid to go crowed places such as bus stop. But most people prefer to use public transport instead of driving their vehicles due to diverse benefits. Through their mobile phones, if the people are aware of the timings of their route bus they can come to the bus stop on time in order to avoid the waiting. Therefore, this paper concentrates on the improvement of public transport for making the usage of this type of transport convenient and safe. To achieve the aim of this paper, a GPS (Global Positioning System) and a GSM (Global system for mobile communication) concepts are employed. Moreover, to complete the design successfully, the SIM808 board is used in order to track the location of the vehicle remotely as it contains a GPS module, and for sending short SMS messages including the latitude and longitude GSM modem is attached. The location can be tracked by the assistance of Google map. SIM808 module is controlled by an Arduino microcontroller. © 2021 IEEE.